Wednesday, December 11, 2024

Chapter 2 & 3 Question Bank : Entrepreneurship Development & Theories of Entrepreneurship : MCQs, True/False, Fill in the Blanks, Answer in one sentence

 Chapter 2 & 3 Question Bank : Entrepreneurship Development & Theories of Entrepreneurship

Multiple Choice Questions

  1. The word "entrepreneur" is derived from which language?
    a) English
    b) Latin
    c) French
    d) German
    Answer: c) French
  2. Who coined the term "entrepreneur" in the 18th century?
    a) Richard Cantillon
    b) Joseph Schumpeter
    c) Adam Smith
    d) Max Weber
    Answer: a) Richard Cantillon
  3. Which characteristic is not associated with entrepreneurship?
    a) Innovation
    b) Risk-taking
    c) Stability
    d) Decision-making
    Answer: c) Stability
  4. Entrepreneurship in the industrial revolution was mainly focused on:
    a) Agriculture
    b) Manufacturing
    c) Education
    d) Retail
    Answer: b) Manufacturing
  5. Entrepreneurs contribute significantly to:
    a) Inflation
    b) Economic development
    c) Unemployment
    d) Bureaucracy
    Answer: b) Economic development
  6. Which of the following is a key characteristic of a successful entrepreneur?
    a) Avoiding risks
    b) Creative problem-solving
    c) Dependency on others
    d) Resistance to change
    Answer: b) Creative problem-solving
  7. Entrepreneurs are considered:
    a) Passive agents of economic development
    b) Active agents of economic development
    c) Irrelevant to economic development
    d) Solely profit-driven
    Answer: b) Active agents of economic development
  8. In history, entrepreneurship was initially linked with:
    a) Agriculture
    b) Merchants
    c) Banking
    d) Technology
    Answer: b) Merchants
  9. Which factor has historically driven entrepreneurship?
    a) Lack of competition
    b) Market opportunities
    c) Government control
    d) Cultural stagnation
    Answer: b) Market opportunities
  10. Entrepreneurs in ancient times were primarily:
    a) Farmers
    b) Traders and craftsmen
    c) Teachers
    d) Politicians
    Answer: b) Traders and craftsmen
  11. Which of the following is NOT a function of entrepreneurship?
    a) Innovation
    b) Risk-bearing
    c) Stabilizing markets
    d) Organizing resources
    Answer: c) Stabilizing markets
  12. The function of decision-making in entrepreneurship primarily involves:
    a) Following market trends
    b) Taking calculated risks
    c) Organizing trade unions
    d) Avoiding uncertainty
    Answer: b) Taking calculated risks
  13. Entrepreneurs ensure the effective allocation of resources by acting as:
    a) Innovators
    b) Organizers
    c) Investors
    d) Competitors
    Answer: b) Organizers
  14. Risk-bearing in entrepreneurship means:
    a) Avoiding financial losses
    b) Accepting and managing uncertainties
    c) Eliminating market competition
    d) Investing in only stable ventures
    Answer: b) Accepting and managing uncertainties
  15. Which function of entrepreneurship fosters economic progress through new products and processes?
    a) Innovation
    b) Risk-taking
    c) Capital generation
    d) Delegation
    Answer: a) Innovation
  16. Entrepreneurs improve productivity through:
    a) Investment in fixed assets
    b) Innovation and process improvement
    c) Reducing workforce costs
    d) Stagnating production methods
    Answer: b) Innovation and process improvement
  17. A core function of entrepreneurship includes:
    a) Managing societal norms
    b) Resolving political issues
    c) Organizing and coordinating production factors
    d) Opposing globalization
    Answer: c) Organizing and coordinating production factors
  18. The entrepreneurial function of mobilizing resources involves:
    a) Gathering only financial capital
    b) Allocating and utilizing all types of resources efficiently
    c) Avoiding resource diversification
    d) Focusing solely on human capital
    Answer: b) Allocating and utilizing all types of resources efficiently
  19. Entrepreneurs act as economic leaders by:
    a) Stabilizing prices
    b) Innovating and leading markets
    c) Following existing trends
    d) Avoiding competition
    Answer: b) Innovating and leading markets
  20. A successful entrepreneur must effectively manage:
    a) Financial liabilities only
    b) Risks, resources, and innovation
    c) Global economic stability
    d) Tax evasion strategies
    Answer: b) Risks, resources, and innovation
  21. Entrepreneurs primarily focus on:
    a) Managing existing operations
    b) Innovation and starting new ventures
    c) Supervising employees
    d) Following instructions from superiors
    Answer: b) Innovation and starting new ventures
  22. A manager’s primary role is to:
    a) Take risks and innovate
    b) Plan, organize, and control resources
    c) Invest in new business ideas
    d) Create market competition
    Answer: b) Plan, organize, and control resources
  23. The key difference between an entrepreneur and a manager lies in:
    a) Their level of authority
    b) The ownership of the business
    c) Their day-to-day tasks
    d) Risk-taking and innovation
    Answer: d) Risk-taking and innovation
  24. Entrepreneurs are risk-bearers, while managers:
    a) Avoid all risks
    b) Are salaried employees who implement strategies
    c) Share the risks equally with entrepreneurs
    d) Work independently without supervision
    Answer: b) Are salaried employees who implement strategies
  25. Who among the following is responsible for initiating business ventures?
    a) Entrepreneur
    b) Manager
    c) Supervisor
    d) Shareholder
    Answer: a) Entrepreneur
  26. Managers usually focus on:
    a) Long-term innovation
    b) Short-term goals and performance
    c) Risk-bearing
    d) Investing in new projects
    Answer: b) Short-term goals and performance
  27. Entrepreneurs create and own the business, whereas managers:
    a) Hold partial ownership
    b) Work as employees without ownership
    c) Are co-founders of the business
    d) Act as risk-takers
    Answer: b) Work as employees without ownership
  28. Entrepreneurs focus on opportunities, while managers focus on:
    a) Challenges
    b) Problem-solving within existing frameworks
    c) Competition
    d) Risk-taking
    Answer: b) Problem-solving within existing frameworks
  29. Entrepreneurs are driven by vision, whereas managers are driven by:
    a) Profit-sharing
    b) Innovation
    c) Organizational objectives
    d) Personal goals
    Answer: c) Organizational objectives
  30. The reward for an entrepreneur is profit, while for a manager, it is:
    a) Equity
    b) Salary and incentives
    c) Business ownership
    d) Market share
    Answer: b) Salary and incentives
  31. According to Schumpeter, entrepreneurship is primarily about:
    a) Managing resources
    b) Driving innovation and change
    c) Avoiding risks
    d) Following traditional business methods
    Answer: b) Driving innovation and change
  32. Schumpeter's Innovation Theory identifies entrepreneurship with:
    a) Cost reduction
    b) Creative destruction
    c) Employee retention
    d) Market stabilization
    Answer: b) Creative destruction
  33. Schumpeter considered entrepreneurs as individuals who:
    a) Invest in stable ventures
    b) Disrupt existing markets with innovations
    c) Focus only on profits
    d) Work in managerial roles
    Answer: b) Disrupt existing markets with innovations
  34. Which of the following is not a form of innovation according to Schumpeter?
    a) Introduction of new products
    b) Creation of new markets
    c) Improving existing production methods
    d) Minimizing customer service
    Answer: d) Minimizing customer service
  35. The term "creative destruction" in Schumpeter's theory refers to:
    a) Building on old ideas without change
    b) Destroying competitors through unethical practices
    c) Replacement of outdated products with innovative solutions
    d) Disrupting economies through failure
    Answer: c) Replacement of outdated products with innovative solutions
  36. Entrepreneurs in Schumpeter's model are motivated by:
    a) Stable job roles
    b) Profit and the urge to innovate
    c) Following managerial instructions
    d) Avoiding risks in competitive markets
    Answer: b) Profit and the urge to innovate
  37. Which of these best represents Schumpeter's view of entrepreneurship?
    a) Risk aversion
    b) Incremental improvements
    c) Radical innovations that transform industries
    d) Preservation of market traditions
    Answer: c) Radical innovations that transform industries
  38. An entrepreneur introducing a revolutionary product is an example of:
    a) Market disruption
    b) Incremental change
    c) Schumpeterian innovation
    d) Organizational restructuring
    Answer: c) Schumpeterian innovation
  39. According to Schumpeter, which of the following is a result of entrepreneurship?
    a) Decrease in competition
    b) Increased market monopolies
    c) Economic development through innovation
    d) Stable market dynamics
    Answer: c) Economic development through innovation
  40. Schumpeter emphasized that entrepreneurs are agents of:
    a) Market equilibrium
    b) Change and development
    c) Risk-free investments
    d) Standardization
    Answer: b) Change and development
  41. Who proposed the Need for Achievement Theory of entrepreneurship?
    a) Joseph Schumpeter
    b) David McClelland
    c) Max Weber
    d) Everett Hagen
    Answer: b) David McClelland
  42. According to McClelland, entrepreneurs are primarily motivated by:
    a) Wealth accumulation
    b) Need for achievement
    c) Social status
    d) Avoidance of failure
    Answer: b) Need for achievement
  43. The Need for Achievement is a:
    a) Social attribute
    b) Personality trait
    c) Market phenomenon
    d) Government initiative
    Answer: b) Personality trait
  44. People with a high need for achievement tend to:
    a) Seek out risky and challenging goals
    b) Avoid uncertain situations
    c) Prioritize social connections over performance
    d) Focus only on short-term outcomes
    Answer: a) Seek out risky and challenging goals
  45. Which of the following is not a characteristic of entrepreneurs with a high need for achievement?
    a) Preference for moderate risks
    b) Desire for immediate rewards
    c) Focus on long-term goals
    d) Strong internal locus of control
    Answer: b) Desire for immediate rewards
  46. McClelland’s theory emphasizes which kind of risk-taking by entrepreneurs?
    a) Extreme risk-taking
    b) Moderate risk-taking
    c) Risk aversion
    d) No risk at all
    Answer: b) Moderate risk-taking
  47. Entrepreneurs with a high need for achievement are likely to:
    a) Delegate decision-making to others
    b) Take personal responsibility for outcomes
    c) Avoid performance feedback
    d) Focus on maintaining the status quo
    Answer: b) Take personal responsibility for outcomes
  48. McClelland identified which factor as essential for entrepreneurial success?
    a) High IQ
    b) Strong financial backing
    c) Motivation driven by achievement
    d) Family background
    Answer: c) Motivation driven by achievement
  49. According to McClelland, individuals with a high need for achievement are likely to:
    a) Work on tasks where success depends on their effort
    b) Avoid tasks that require personal initiative
    c) Rely on others to complete projects
    d) Avoid challenges in their profession
    Answer: a) Work on tasks where success depends on their effort
  50. The Need for Achievement Theory is most applicable to:
    a) Bureaucrats
    b) Entrepreneurs
    c) Factory workers
    d) Clerical staff
    Answer: b) Entrepreneurs
  51. Hoselitz's theory emphasizes the role of entrepreneurship in:
    a) Economic stagnation
    b) Economic development
    c) Political stability
    d) Technological redundancy
    Answer: b) Economic development
  52. According to Hoselitz, entrepreneurship thrives in societies with:
    a) Uniform income distribution
    b) Cultural diversity
    c) High dependence on agriculture
    d) Strict traditional norms
    Answer: b) Cultural diversity
  53. The theory highlights the importance of ________ in promoting entrepreneurship.
    a) Social marginality
    b) Risk aversion
    c) Wealth inheritance
    d) Political influence
    Answer: a) Social marginality
  54. Hoselitz linked entrepreneurship to individuals who are:
    a) In the mainstream society
    b) Marginal in social hierarchy
    c) Financially dependent
    d) Risk-averse
    Answer: b) Marginal in social hierarchy
  55. Which societal group, according to Hoselitz, is more likely to become entrepreneurs?
    a) The elite class
    b) The socially marginalized
    c) Government employees
    d) Industrial workers
    Answer: b) The socially marginalized
  56. Hoselitz argued that entrepreneurship is often driven by:
    a) Personal leisure
    b) Economic incentives
    c) Lack of education
    d) Random opportunities
    Answer: b) Economic incentives
  57. What is the key factor for entrepreneurial growth in Hoselitz’s theory?
    a) Access to technology
    b) Social displacement
    c) Large-scale industries
    d) Government regulation
    Answer: b) Social displacement
  58. Which of the following supports entrepreneurial growth in Hoselitz’s view?
    a) Bureaucratic control
    b) Flexible social norms
    c) Economic isolation
    d) Reduced competition
    Answer: b) Flexible social norms
  59. Hoselitz believed that the entrepreneurial spirit arises in areas with:
    a) Traditional stability
    b) Cultural and economic change
    c) Strict religious practices
    d) Lack of innovation
    Answer: b) Cultural and economic change
  60. Which of these best explains Hoselitz's theory of entrepreneurship?
    a) The role of heredity
    b) Social mobility and marginality
    c) Dependence on agriculture
    d) Absence of education
    Answer: b) Social mobility and marginality


True/False Questions

  1. The term "entrepreneur" originally meant "undertaker" in French.
    Answer: True
  2. Richard Cantillon emphasized the risk-taking aspect of entrepreneurship.
    Answer: True
  3. Entrepreneurs were unrelated to the industrial revolution.
    Answer: False
  4. Stability is a primary characteristic of entrepreneurship.
    Answer: False
  5. Entrepreneurship drives both innovation and economic development.
    Answer: True
  6. Entrepreneurs are passive contributors to economic growth.
    Answer: False
  7. The industrial revolution limited the scope of entrepreneurship.
    Answer: False
  8. Early entrepreneurship was tied to technological advancements.
    Answer: False
  9. Entrepreneurs often operate in uncertain environments.
    Answer: True
  10. Risk-taking is not a key feature of entrepreneurship.
    Answer: False
  11. Innovation is not a function of entrepreneurship.
    Answer: False
  12. Entrepreneurs avoid taking risks in their ventures.
    Answer: False
  13. The primary role of an entrepreneur is to organize and allocate resources effectively.
    Answer: True
  14. Decision-making in entrepreneurship involves tackling uncertainties.
    Answer: True
  15. Risk-bearing does not involve financial uncertainties.
    Answer: False
  16. Mobilizing resources is a secondary function of entrepreneurship.
    Answer: False
  17. Entrepreneurs lead economic progress by introducing new technologies.
    Answer: True
  18. Entrepreneurship functions do not include coordinating production factors.
    Answer: False
  19. Economic growth is directly linked to entrepreneurial innovation.
    Answer: True
  20. Entrepreneurs focus only on financial risks.
    Answer: False
  21. Entrepreneurs and managers both bear the risks of the business equally.
    Answer: False
  22. Managers are primarily responsible for implementing the vision of the entrepreneur.
    Answer: True
  23. Entrepreneurs are salaried employees of a business.
    Answer: False
  24. Managers focus on day-to-day operations, while entrepreneurs focus on long-term growth.
    Answer: True
  25. Managers own the business they work for.
    Answer: False
  26. Entrepreneurs need to innovate and take risks to create new ventures.
    Answer: True
  27. Managers work towards achieving the organizational goals set by the entrepreneur.
    Answer: True
  28. Entrepreneurs usually avoid risks to ensure steady business operations.
    Answer: False
  29. The primary reward for an entrepreneur is profit, while for a manager, it is salary.
    Answer: True
  30. Entrepreneurs always operate independently, without managers.
    Answer: False
  31. Schumpeter believed entrepreneurs play a key role in economic development through innovation.
    Answer: True
  32. Creative destruction means improving existing products without replacing them.
    Answer: False
  33. Schumpeter's theory highlights incremental changes over radical innovations.
    Answer: False
  34. Introducing a new production method is an example of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship.
    Answer: True
  35. According to Schumpeter, entrepreneurship helps maintain market stability.
    Answer: False
  36. Profit is a primary motivator for entrepreneurs in Schumpeter’s model.
    Answer: True
  37. The creation of entirely new markets is part of innovation according to Schumpeter.
    Answer: True
  38. Entrepreneurs in Schumpeter’s theory are focused on sustaining traditional business models.
    Answer: False
  39. Schumpeter viewed innovation as a destructive force in business.
    Answer: True
  40. Creative destruction leads to the elimination of outdated products.
    Answer: True
  41. The Need for Achievement Theory was proposed by David McClelland.
    Answer: True
  42. Entrepreneurs with a high need for achievement prefer to avoid risks.
    Answer: False
  43. A high need for achievement motivates individuals to pursue challenging goals.
    Answer: True
  44. McClelland’s theory is irrelevant for understanding entrepreneurial behavior.
    Answer: False
  45. High achievers prefer tasks where success depends on luck rather than effort.
    Answer: False
  46. The Need for Achievement Theory emphasizes the role of personality traits in entrepreneurship.
    Answer: True
  47. Entrepreneurs with high achievement motivation rely heavily on external feedback.
    Answer: False
  48. Individuals with a high need for achievement avoid tasks with uncertain outcomes.
    Answer: False
  49. Entrepreneurs are driven by a desire to improve performance and attain success.
    Answer: True
  50. According to McClelland, cultural factors do not influence the need for achievement.
    Answer: False
  51. Hoselitz's theory highlights the role of social marginality in entrepreneurship.
    Answer: True
  52. According to Hoselitz, entrepreneurship is limited to the elite class.
    Answer: False
  53. Economic incentives play a critical role in entrepreneurial growth according to Hoselitz.
    Answer: True
  54. Flexible social norms hinder entrepreneurship in Hoselitz's view.
    Answer: False
  55. Hoselitz linked entrepreneurship with cultural and economic changes.
    Answer: True
  56. Social displacement is a key factor for entrepreneurship in Hoselitz’s theory.
    Answer: True
  57. The theory suggests that entrepreneurship flourishes in highly traditional societies.
    Answer: False
  58. Hoselitz emphasized the need for risk aversion in entrepreneurs.
    Answer: False
  59. Social mobility is unrelated to entrepreneurship in Hoselitz's theory.
    Answer: False
  60. Entrepreneurship contributes to economic development according to Hoselitz.
    Answer: True


Fill in the Blanks

  1. The term "entrepreneur" was introduced in the 18th century by ________.
    Answer: Richard Cantillon
  2. Entrepreneurs are often described as ________ agents of economic development.
    Answer: Active
  3. Entrepreneurship is primarily associated with ________ and creativity.
    Answer: Innovation
  4. During the industrial revolution, entrepreneurship flourished in ________.
    Answer: Manufacturing
  5. Entrepreneurs are known for their ability to take ________ in uncertain situations.
    Answer: Risks
  6. The historical focus of entrepreneurship was on ________ and craftsmanship.
    Answer: Trade
  7. Entrepreneurship requires ________ problem-solving skills.
    Answer: Creative
  8. An entrepreneur contributes to reducing ________ through job creation.
    Answer: Unemployment
  9. Entrepreneurship drives ________ development in society.
    Answer: Economic
  10. The industrial revolution marked a shift from agriculture to ________ as the focal point of entrepreneurship.
    Answer: Manufacturing
  11. The function of ________ in entrepreneurship involves introducing new products and processes.
    Answer: Innovation
  12. Risk-bearing is the function of dealing with ________ in business ventures.
    Answer: Uncertainty
  13. Entrepreneurs act as ________ of economic growth.
    Answer: Leaders
  14. Effective ________ is a core function of entrepreneurship to ensure resource utilization.
    Answer: Organization
  15. Decision-making involves choosing among various ________ to tackle challenges.
    Answer: Alternatives
  16. Mobilizing resources includes human, financial, and ________ capital.
    Answer: Material
  17. Entrepreneurs influence productivity through ________ improvements.
    Answer: Process
  18. The coordination of ________ is a crucial entrepreneurial function.
    Answer: Production factors
  19. Innovation drives ________ and progress in markets.
    Answer: Growth
  20. Entrepreneurs must ________ risks to achieve their goals.
    Answer: Accept
  21. Entrepreneurs focus on ________ and innovation.
    Answer: Risk-taking
  22. Managers implement the plans and strategies made by the ________.
    Answer: Entrepreneur
  23. Entrepreneurs are rewarded with ________, while managers receive a salary.
    Answer: Profit
  24. Managers focus on achieving ________ objectives.
    Answer: Organizational
  25. ________ are salaried employees who supervise daily operations.
    Answer: Managers
  26. Entrepreneurs are ________ of the business they establish.
    Answer: Owners
  27. The role of a manager is focused on ________ term goals.
    Answer: Short
  28. Entrepreneurs are considered ________ because they accept the risks of business ventures.
    Answer: Risk-bearers
  29. Managers prioritize maintaining ________ in the organization.
    Answer: Stability
  30. Entrepreneurs are driven by ________ and market opportunities.
    Answer: Vision
  31. Schumpeter’s theory of entrepreneurship is also known as the ________ Theory.
    Answer: Innovation
  32. The process of replacing outdated products with new innovations is called ________.
    Answer: Creative destruction
  33. Schumpeter highlighted entrepreneurship as a driver of ________ development.
    Answer: Economic
  34. ________ are individuals who disrupt existing markets with innovations.
    Answer: Entrepreneurs
  35. Schumpeter classified ________ as the essence of entrepreneurship.
    Answer: Innovation
  36. Introducing new production methods is a form of ________ according to Schumpeter.
    Answer: Innovation
  37. Creative destruction results in the elimination of ________ technologies.
    Answer: Outdated
  38. Entrepreneurs are motivated by profit and the urge to ________.
    Answer: Innovate
  39. Schumpeter described entrepreneurs as agents of ________ and transformation.
    Answer: Change
  40. Economic development through innovation is a key aspect of ________ entrepreneurship.
    Answer: Schumpeterian
  41. The Need for Achievement Theory was developed by ________.
    Answer: David McClelland
  42. Entrepreneurs are primarily motivated by the ________ to achieve.
    Answer: Need
  43. McClelland’s theory is based on the psychological concept of ________.
    Answer: Motivation
  44. Individuals with a high need for achievement prefer tasks that involve ________.
    Answer: Moderate risks
  45. Entrepreneurs take ________ responsibility for their outcomes.
    Answer: Personal
  46. The Need for Achievement Theory identifies a high ________ locus of control in entrepreneurs.
    Answer: Internal
  47. McClelland’s theory emphasizes motivation as a critical ________ trait.
    Answer: Personality
  48. Entrepreneurs are driven by a desire for feedback on their ________.
    Answer: Performance
  49. The theory highlights the importance of ________ in achieving entrepreneurial success.
    Answer: Effort
  50. Individuals with a high need for achievement value ________ over external rewards.
    Answer: Intrinsic satisfaction
  51. Hoselitz’s theory of entrepreneurship focuses on ________ marginality.
    Answer: Social
  52. Entrepreneurship is driven by ________ and economic changes, as per Hoselitz.
    Answer: Cultural
  53. The key societal group for entrepreneurship is the ________.
    Answer: Socially marginalized
  54. Social displacement fosters ________ growth in Hoselitz’s theory.
    Answer: Entrepreneurial
  55. Flexible ________ norms are essential for entrepreneurship.
    Answer: Social
  56. Hoselitz highlighted the role of ________ mobility in entrepreneurship.
    Answer: Social
  57. Entrepreneurship contributes to ________ development.
    Answer: Economic
  58. According to Hoselitz, entrepreneurship thrives in societies with ________ diversity.
    Answer: Cultural
  59. Entrepreneurs often emerge from ________ groups in society.
    Answer: Marginalized
  60. Economic ________ is a significant motivator for entrepreneurs.
    Answer: Incentives


One-Sentence Answer Questions

  1. What does the term "entrepreneur" mean in French?
    Answer: It means "undertaker."
  2. Who is credited with introducing the concept of entrepreneurship?
    Answer: Richard Cantillon.
  3. How does entrepreneurship contribute to the economy?
    Answer: By creating jobs and driving innovation.
  4. What are the two key characteristics of entrepreneurship?
    Answer: Risk-taking and innovation.
  5. Why is creativity essential in entrepreneurship?
    Answer: Creativity helps solve problems and develop innovative ideas.
  6. What role did entrepreneurship play during the industrial revolution?
    Answer: It drove the growth of manufacturing industries.
  7. What is a primary trait of successful entrepreneurs?
    Answer: Decision-making under uncertainty.
  8. How does entrepreneurship reduce unemployment?
    Answer: By creating new jobs through business ventures.
  9. Which industry was the focus of early entrepreneurs?
    Answer: Trade and craftsmanship.
  10. Why is risk-taking considered vital in entrepreneurship?
    Answer: It enables entrepreneurs to pursue opportunities in uncertain environments.
  11. What is the most critical function of an entrepreneur?
    Answer: Innovation.
  12. How does risk-bearing benefit entrepreneurship?
    Answer: It helps entrepreneurs manage uncertainties and pursue opportunities.
  13. What does the function of organizing involve?
    Answer: Effective allocation and coordination of resources.
  14. Why is decision-making important for entrepreneurs?
    Answer: It allows them to tackle challenges and uncertainties effectively.
  15. What resources do entrepreneurs mobilize?
    Answer: Human, financial, and material resources.
  16. How do entrepreneurs contribute to economic growth?
    Answer: By introducing innovations and improving productivity.
  17. What is the role of innovation in entrepreneurship?
    Answer: It drives progress and creates new market opportunities.
  18. What does the coordination of production factors include?
    Answer: Bringing together labor, capital, and materials efficiently.
  19. How do entrepreneurs ensure efficient resource utilization?
    Answer: Through proper organization and planning.
  20. Why is risk-taking considered a key entrepreneurial function?
    Answer: It helps entrepreneurs pursue opportunities despite uncertainties.
  21. What is the primary reward for an entrepreneur?
    Answer: Profit.
  22. How do managers contribute to a business?
    Answer: By implementing plans, organizing resources, and ensuring operational efficiency.
  23. Who bears the risks in a business, entrepreneur or manager?
    Answer: Entrepreneur.
  24. What is the main focus of managers?
    Answer: Achieving organizational objectives and managing daily operations.
  25. What differentiates an entrepreneur from a manager?
    Answer: Entrepreneurs focus on innovation and risk-taking, while managers focus on planning and execution.
  26. What drives entrepreneurs in their ventures?
    Answer: Vision and market opportunities.
  27. What is the source of income for managers?
    Answer: Salary and incentives.
  28. Why are entrepreneurs considered innovators?
    Answer: Because they create new products, services, or processes.
  29. Who is responsible for ensuring the smooth running of business operations?
    Answer: Manager.
  30. What is the key characteristic of entrepreneurs regarding risk?
    Answer: They are willing to take calculated risks.
  31. What is the primary focus of Schumpeter’s Innovation Theory?
    Answer: Driving economic development through innovation and creative destruction.
  32. What does "creative destruction" mean in Schumpeter’s theory?
    Answer: The process of replacing outdated products or processes with innovative solutions.
  33. How do entrepreneurs contribute to economic growth according to Schumpeter?
    Answer: By introducing innovations that disrupt markets and create new opportunities.
  34. What motivates entrepreneurs in Schumpeter’s model?
    Answer: Profit and the urge to innovate.
  35. What is the role of innovation in entrepreneurship according to Schumpeter?
    Answer: It is the essence of entrepreneurship that drives market and economic transformation.
  36. Who are the agents of change in Schumpeter’s theory?
    Answer: Entrepreneurs.
  37. What are the types of innovation mentioned by Schumpeter?
    Answer: New products, new production methods, new markets, and new business models.
  38. Why is Schumpeter’s theory significant for understanding entrepreneurship?
    Answer: It highlights the critical role of innovation in driving economic development.
  39. What happens to outdated products in the process of creative destruction?
    Answer: They are replaced by innovative and improved solutions.
  40. How does Schumpeter define the economic role of entrepreneurs?
    Answer: As catalysts of innovation and economic progress.
  41. Who proposed the Need for Achievement Theory?
    Answer: David McClelland.
  42. What motivates individuals according to McClelland's theory?
    Answer: The need for achievement.
  43. What type of risks do entrepreneurs with high achievement motivation prefer?
    Answer: Moderate risks.
  44. Why is feedback important to high achievers?
    Answer: It helps them improve performance and track progress.
  45. What kind of tasks do individuals with high need for achievement prefer?
    Answer: Tasks where success depends on their effort and ability.
  46. How does McClelland's theory explain entrepreneurial behavior?
    Answer: It emphasizes achievement motivation as a key driver.
  47. What is the role of personal responsibility in McClelland’s theory?
    Answer: Entrepreneurs take personal responsibility for their outcomes.
  48. How does internal locus of control relate to McClelland’s theory?
    Answer: Entrepreneurs believe their actions determine success.
  49. Why is the Need for Achievement Theory significant?
    Answer: It explains the psychological traits influencing entrepreneurship.
  50. What distinguishes high achievers from others in McClelland's theory?
    Answer: Their strong drive to achieve and focus on intrinsic rewards.
  51. What does Hoselitz’s theory emphasize about entrepreneurship?
    Answer: It emphasizes the role of social marginality and cultural diversity in entrepreneurship.
  52. Which group does Hoselitz identify as potential entrepreneurs?
    Answer: Socially marginalized groups.
  53. What is a key factor for entrepreneurial growth according to Hoselitz?
    Answer: Social displacement.
  54. What type of societies does Hoselitz believe encourage entrepreneurship?
    Answer: Societies experiencing cultural and economic change.
  55. How does social mobility relate to entrepreneurship in Hoselitz's theory?
    Answer: Social mobility facilitates entrepreneurial activities.
  56. What kind of social norms support entrepreneurship according to Hoselitz?
    Answer: Flexible social norms.
  57. How does entrepreneurship contribute to society in Hoselitz’s view?
    Answer: It promotes economic development.
  58. Why does Hoselitz link entrepreneurship to cultural diversity?
    Answer: Cultural diversity provides varied perspectives and opportunities for innovation.
  59. What motivates entrepreneurs in Hoselitz's theory?
    Answer: Economic incentives and opportunities.
  60. Why is social displacement significant in entrepreneurship?
    Answer: It creates opportunities for marginalized groups to engage in entrepreneurial ventures.

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